Agricultural pesticide toxicity to aquatic organisms - a literature review
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منابع مشابه
Potential toxicity of pesticides measured in midwestern streams to aquatic organisms.
Society is becoming increasingly aware of the value of healthy aquatic ecosystems as well as the effects that man's activities have on those ecosystems. In recent years, many urban and industrial sources of contamination have been reduced or eliminated. The agricultural community also has worked towards reducing off-site movement of agricultural chemicals, but their use in farming is still grow...
متن کاملPesticide Toxicity Index--a tool for assessing potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures to freshwater aquatic organisms.
Pesticide mixtures are common in streams with agricultural or urban influence in the watershed. The Pesticide Toxicity Index (PTI) is a screening tool to assess potential aquatic toxicity of complex pesticide mixtures by combining measures of pesticide exposure and acute toxicity in an additive toxic-unit model. The PTI is determined separately for fish, cladocerans, and benthic invertebrates. ...
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Veterinary and agricultural surfactants are supposed to be inert additives, yet these substances commonly exert biological side-effects, in given cases synergistic with those of the active ingredients of these preparations. This is explicitly seen in altered toxicity of veterinary or pesticide formulations compared to their active ingredients alone. Neither the individual effects of these excip...
متن کاملTeratogenicity and embryotoxicity in aquatic organisms after pesticide exposure and the role of oxidative stress.
Many pesticides have been documented to induce embryotoxicity and teratogenicity in non-target aquatic biota such a fish, amphibians and invertebrates. Our review of the existing literature shows that a broad range of pesticides, representing several different chemical classes, induce variable toxic effects in aquatic species. The effects observed include diverse morphological malformations as ...
متن کاملToxicity evaluation of diazinon contaminated leaf litter.
Diazinon (O,O-diethyl O-[2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4pyrimidinyl] phosphothiate) is an organophosphate pesticide with widespread use on a variety of agricultural crops, such as fruit trees, corn, and tobacco (Burkepile et al., 2000). Approximately 6 million kg of diazinon are applied annually in the United States and, as a result, are a potential contributer to nonpoint source contamination of aquati...
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